Dawnbridge

TI-Nspire CX II field manual for IB Math

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44

Euler's method for coupled systems

AI HL

Use sequence tables to apply Euler's method to two linked first-order differential equations.

Goal

Use Euler's method with step size ​h=0.2​ for the coupled system ​x′=y,  ​y′=−x−0.4y,  ​x(0)=1,  ​y(0)=0. Approximate ​x(1)​ and ​y(1).

1

Open the Scratchpad's Graph view ( → B: Graph Scratchpad) and switch to sequence mode: → 3: Graph Entry/Edit → 7: Sequence → 1: Sequence. Let u1 store ​x: enter u1(n)=u1(n-1)+0.2·u2(n-1) with initial term 1, and use to reach the domain line and change its start to 0, so it reads 0≤n≤99. Starting at ​n=0​ makes ​n​ count completed steps, so ​t=0.2n​ and the target ​t=1​ is row ​n=5.

2

Add the y-sequence the same way: u2(n)=u2(n-1)+0.2(-u1(n-1)-0.4·u2(n-1)) with initial term 0 and the same 0 domain start. Both updates read the previous step's u1 and u2, so the coupled values advance together.

Scratchpad
RAD
u1(n)=u1(n−1)+0.2⋅u2(n−1)Initial Terms:=10≤n≤99 nstep=1
u2(n)=u2(n−1)+0.2(−u1(n−1)−0.4⋅u2(n−1))Initial Terms:=00≤n≤99 nstep=1
3

Press to split the screen with a table of both sequences, and scroll to row ​n=5: the u1 column holds ​x(1)​ and the u2 column holds ​y(1). The graph pane plots both sequences as points, showing the damped oscillation as it develops.

Scratchpad
RAD
nu1(n)u2(n)
0.10
1.1-0.2
2.0.96-0.384
3.0.8832-0.54528
4.0.774144-0.678298
5.0.638484-0.778863
6.0.482712-0.84425
Result

​x(1)≈0.638​ and ​y(1)≈−0.779.

Your turn

Work each one on your calculator, then check the answer.

  1. 1

    Use Euler's method with ​h=0.2​ for ​x′=0.5y,  ​y′=−0.5x,  ​x(0)=2,  ​y(0)=0, to approximate ​x(1)​ and ​y(1).

  2. 2

    Use Euler's method with ​h=0.1​ for ​x′=−y,  ​y′=x−0.5y,  ​x(0)=1,  ​y(0)=1, to approximate ​x(0.5)​ and ​y(0.5).

  3. 3

    A predator–prey system has ​x′=0.4x−0.1xy,  ​y′=0.05xy−0.2y​ with ​x(0)=10,  ​y(0)=5. Use Euler's method with ​h=0.1​ to approximate ​x(0.5)​ and ​y(0.5).